CALLUS!!!
A Chalice is something you drink from...
I'm not sure what a chalice is so I couldn't tell you how much it hurts but I do know that a beer bottle to the head hurts. That one ended in a stoppage by LEO. I need to work on my skills while trying to see/breathe through OC. And I don't fully agree with having callous built up will save your knuckles. I've broken one of mine on someone's head (it ended the fight so that was an ok result, I guess). The majority of my boxing work was done with hand wraps or light gloves to build my hands.
Someone should go tell Bas not to punch in a street fight! Yaou would get "bang-ed da bang-ed da banged!"
Nah, Bas would only need the first bang unless you were also a high level fighter.
I do know what works best on me and that has always been an open hand. I've worked a little with a guy that dabbles in training boxers (and does some of the striking training for a local Gracie BJJ school when they're doing MMA training). I was to the point of walking into the punch with my chin down rather than pulling away/trying to bob and weave away (outside of training).
tatertot, I've had my share of punches to the dome with the first and middle knuckles. While it doesn't feel good, it always did more damage to their hand then my head. Even though I'm fairly confident with striking, and to a lesser degree grappling (getting back to building groundwork is in the plans), my preferred method is avoidance these days.
jeremy, I've seen the wonders of some nice brick work ending a few fights. Chains work well too. I'll do anything I can to avoid steel toes and a baseball bat, once for both at the same time was more than enough for me.