To fan the fire, I found that civilians can be under the UCMJ. Check this out:
Frequently Asked Questions on the UCMJ Change and its Applicability to Private Military Contractors - Brookings Institution
The 2007 Defense Bill, enacted in October, places contractors and others who accompany the military in the field under UCMJ (the Uniform Code of Military Justice), by defining UCMJ to cover civilians not just in times of declared war but also contingency operations. To put it another way, basically 100,000 contractors woke up to find themselves potentially under the same set of military laws that govern the armed forces.
So, it would seem that, theoretically, the President, as a civilian, could be accountable to the UCMJ.
But, I found the following explanation which makes sense to me:
#1. As a practical matter the president is not under UCMJ jurisdiction. In theory he (or she) might appear to qualify in certain circumstances, but if ever put to the legal test (i.e. litigation) the courts would almost certainly say "No Way." There has never been specific case law that I'm aware of, and I doubt the U.S. military is going to try it.
#2. There is no such charge as "malicious intent to conspire to deceive the armed forces in the contrivance and issuance of unlawful orders for the escalation of the Iraq war." Things like "malicious intent" and even outright "lying" are not violations of the UCMJ. Troops are often lied to. It is generally not illegal. To the extent that you believe the invasion of Iraq is itself illegal, the courts will call it a "political question."
As the state of the law currently stands, a U.S. president can start a war under any circumstances with anyone he wishes with no permission from anyone. Unless his subordinates refuse to follow his orders, and/or unless congress takes very specific action to prevent/halt him. The courts will refuse to intervene, "plain language" of the U.S. constitution notwithstanding.
Frequently Asked Questions on the UCMJ Change and its Applicability to Private Military Contractors - Brookings Institution
The 2007 Defense Bill, enacted in October, places contractors and others who accompany the military in the field under UCMJ (the Uniform Code of Military Justice), by defining UCMJ to cover civilians not just in times of declared war but also contingency operations. To put it another way, basically 100,000 contractors woke up to find themselves potentially under the same set of military laws that govern the armed forces.
So, it would seem that, theoretically, the President, as a civilian, could be accountable to the UCMJ.
But, I found the following explanation which makes sense to me:
#1. As a practical matter the president is not under UCMJ jurisdiction. In theory he (or she) might appear to qualify in certain circumstances, but if ever put to the legal test (i.e. litigation) the courts would almost certainly say "No Way." There has never been specific case law that I'm aware of, and I doubt the U.S. military is going to try it.
#2. There is no such charge as "malicious intent to conspire to deceive the armed forces in the contrivance and issuance of unlawful orders for the escalation of the Iraq war." Things like "malicious intent" and even outright "lying" are not violations of the UCMJ. Troops are often lied to. It is generally not illegal. To the extent that you believe the invasion of Iraq is itself illegal, the courts will call it a "political question."
As the state of the law currently stands, a U.S. president can start a war under any circumstances with anyone he wishes with no permission from anyone. Unless his subordinates refuse to follow his orders, and/or unless congress takes very specific action to prevent/halt him. The courts will refuse to intervene, "plain language" of the U.S. constitution notwithstanding.