I THINK THOSE ARE LYMPH NODES THE INJURED DEER I'VE SEEN USUALLY HAVE GRAY MILKY LOOKING SPOTS AND THEY AREAS SMELL PRETTY BAD. I SHOT A NICE BIG WHAT APPEARED TO BE DOE A FEW YEARS AGO THAT ENDED UP BEING A BUCK THAT LOST HIS RACK BECAUSE ONE OF THE POACHERS SHOT HIM IN THE LEFT LEG AND HIP WITH PROBABLY A HORNET.
I figured those white spots were glands (but out of place). Lymph nodes sounds more accurate (and probably inflamed due to infection).
This was a buck, and because it was into the rut, probably burned through any stored fat chasing the does.
He seemed pretty alert and active, well, until he was shot. Then he wasn't so energetic (dropped in tracks)